Character Analysis: Thor Odinson (Part 1 - Background, Skill & Mjolnir)

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Thor

 

In Case You Were Wondering…


The backstory of Thor and the Asgardian race is fairly inconsistent. While the comics would start out essentially recounting the traditional stories of Norse myth, it was eventually explained during writer Roy Thomas’s run that this was not the truth, and that the gods operate as a cycle, reincarnating out of Ragnarok every 2160 years in entirely new forms and identities, with only Odin retaining memories of the previous cycle. This would be contradicted later by the appearance of Odin’s grandfather, Tiwaz, during Walter Simonson’s run, who strongly implies the prior story isn’t real, the truth instead being a more conventional backstory mixing Norse myth and an original story regarding Odin’s brothers. The contemporary Official History of the Marvel Universe series would acknowledge these differing backstories, and give favour to the Simonson backstory.

During the Ragnarok storyline, the comics initially presented a brief description of the Norse myth backstory, before revealing the true cyclical nature of Ragnarok, the gods experiencing unending death and rebirth, though seeming to lack the idea that the gods are also reborn into new identities from the Roy Thomas run. Thor would end the cycle of fate at the end of the storyline, but despite the narrative importance of the idea of the Ragnarok cycles, very few comics have actually acknowledged them, and since then elements contradictory to all of the prior backstories, such as the existence of Heven and Odin’s dark brother Cul, have been introduced. Even the comic run which came right after in 2007 depicted Odin and his father, Bor, as having walked the Earth before any life existed on it. Just about the only comics to actually depict the gods being cyclically reborn were a series of self-contained one-shots set in Asgard’s past, which claimed that at least 23 Ragnarok cycles had occurred, and which the Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe would try its best to mesh together with everything else.

The most notable contradictions came in Jason Aaron’s work on Thor, which would entirely ignore the idea of Ragnarok cycles and depict Odin and Thor existing 1 million years ago as the very same beings who appear in modern comics. The History of the Marvel Universe series from 2019 would try and explain this as these being early Ragnarok cycles, but this contradicts the depiction of Odin and Thor as contiguous beings with their present day selves, especially with Thor’s link to the Phoenix from 1 million years ago manifesting in his modern day self. This has continued into Immortal Thor, which has once again depicted Tiwaz and established him as one of the Elder Gods of Earth who existed 4 billion years ago, but also makes heavy reference to the events of the Ragnarok storyline. The actual explanation for all these contradictions in modern comics is that the gods are living stories formed into existence retroactively by human belief, meaning the history of the gods is mutable, differing stories and tales blending into each other, and the end of Jason Aaron’s tenure on the character would even depict many of Thor’s previous comic storylines as literal tales recounted as books in-universe. Mjolnir itself is acknowledged as having many different stories surrounding its origin, reflecting its different origins given in comics. So overall, that makes it so every depiction of Thor and his history, even contradictory ones, can be accounted for and factored in for analysis. The current Thor comics, as of writing, deliberately take elements from all these contradictory stories as a key thematic component, supporting the idea that it should all be viable.


Feats and text highlighted in bold indicate the feat was done while Thor had some form of the All-Power, also known as the Odinforce or Thorforce. For a time, the mantle of Thor has been held by other characters, namely Eric Masterson and Jane Foster. Feats from these two will be marked with [Eric] and [Jane] respectively. Feats from other hammer wielders which should still apply to Thor, such as Beta Ray Bill or Dargo Ktor, will be marked [Other]. Similarly, feats from old King Thor, the Thor from Earth-14412, who held the All-Power for over 10,000 years and has wielded it for longer than Odin did, and who was for a time the mainline Thor’s canonical future, will be marked with [Old King].


Background



A storm is brewing. Rain begins to shatter against the roof of a wooden hut, material yawning and creaking. The elements drip down to the floor below, a chill seeping through. Thunder roars from beyond. Those inside huddle together, seeking safety. They have only themselves. They survive by telling a story. A story of a far-off land of beauty, of gleaming spires and rainbow bridges, of benevolent gods watching over them. They tell of the storm, and what it signals. That the storm is not dangerous, but a symbol of awe, and wonder, and nobility, and heroism, and power, power to protect others. The power, and the majesty, of the mighty Thor


Thor Odinson was born eons ago to the skyfather of the Aesir, Odin, and the mother-spirit of the Earth, Gaea, destined to one day take his father’s place as the All-Father of Asgard, the realm of the gods at the crown of Yggdrasil. The young prince was raised from birth by Odin and his adoptive mother, Freyja, to be the ultimate symbol of Asgardian splendor, a patrician in all things of warriorhood and leadership. Boasting strength far beyond his kin, his tears the very storm, the only thing Thor lacked was humility. The boy was, perhaps, too strong for his own good, no adventure providing sufficient challenge to humble him.


Odin, ever wily and wise, devised a challenge for his prideful son; he was to pick up a diminutive hammer, hardly the size of a war-mallet, and wield it as a symbol of worthiness. Yet, no matter how Thor exerted his prodigious strength, the hammer would not budge. For centuries, it was Thor’s obsession, seeking to prove to the hammer, and himself, his worthiness through ever-more daring contests and battles. Only through a truly selfless act, seeking to save a loved one, would the hammer, Mjolnir, kowtow to the prince.


Even the trial of the hammer would fail to fully curb Thor’s ego, which, paired with the world-shaping abilities of Mjolnir, now had the strength to overturn the peace Odin had so carefully devised. When Thor’s bullheaded battles risked sparking war between Asgard and the giants, Odin banished Thor from his birthright. He would be sent to the land of Midgard, the Earth which worshipped the gods, and be stripped of his identity and power. Believing himself to be no more than a feeble, physically-impaired, mortal, Thor had become the human Donald Blake.


Blake quickly excelled in mortal achievements, graduating from the New York State College of Medicine with top honours and soon becoming recognised as one of the best physicians on the planet. In-spite of his accomplishments and kindness, dedicated purely to the healing of others and a love for his fellow man, a gnawing feeling of desire lingered in Blake’s mind, a feeling linking him to the Norse gods of myth. It was this surreal feeling which drove him to a cave in Norway, where-in lay an enigmatic cane. Compelled by the forces of divinity, Blake tapped the cane, and yet again became the god of thunder Thor, his godly past flashing back into his mind once more.


Living as Blake is what truly completed the trials of Thor’s pride. No longer would he use his strength for strength’s sake, but to protect those who could not protect themselves. Thor soon became one of Earth’s foremost superhuman heroes, joining the ranks of the Avengers in adventures and battles just as daring as the ones he had faced on Asgard. No matter where a villain emerged on any of the Ten Realms of Yggdrasil, or what power they wielded, they would find themselves facing justice from Thor’s hammer.


Through his struggles, Thor was now a being of two worlds. Part human and part god, born of both Midgard and Asgard, his love for Earth was something none of his fellow Aesir could understand, least of all Odin. Father and son clashed many times over where Thor’s true duties belonged, and it strained his relationships with his loved ones, mortal and divine, in a manner mere power alone could not solve. The schemes of his wicked sibling Loki, the calamitous power of Surtur, the unending menace of the Frost Giants and trolls, it all paled in comparison to the dilemma Thor faced in his heart.


Yet, Odin was wiser than Thor could realise. While Thor was raised in the realm of the gods, was his mother not still Gaea? Was Thor not still a child of the Earth just as much as he was a child of Asgard? In-truth, Odin knew that the secret to Thor’s strength, the same secret which separated him from his fellow gods, was his humanity itself. Humanity shaped the gods through belief, and this belief would end in Ragnarok, the ceaseless cyclical death and rebirth of the Aesir, never granting the warrior gods of Asgard the glorious final battle which had been weaved into their story. Only Thor, born via gods but walking alongside man, could defy his destiny. Only Thor could sacrifice more than Odin himself to gain true wisdom, and end the cycle of the gods, fading back into myth in a well-deserved rest.


When the gods awoke from their slumber, they woke amidst the humans who had worshipped them. Through rebirth, all of Asgard now began to understand the love Thor felt for humanity. How humanity’s ability to change and grow past the challenges they faced gave just as much glory as the mythic, static feats of the gods. Even as Thor himself struggled with doubt and guilt, his love, for both of the realms he called home, could overcome it, emerge stronger, and claim the throne of Asgard as was foretold. This new All-Father of Asgard could stare down death at the end of the Rainbow Bridge and embrace it, knowing that his actions would save all those he cared for, no matter realm or identity. For the story of Thor, told in hushed narration by pensive men in wooden huts of the past, is the story of love for your fellow man, a love that will overcome the dangers of the storm and pass into sunlight. And it is through humanity, and love, that we all become worthy.


Experience & Skill


It should come as no surprise that Thor is one of the most skilled warriors in the Marvel universe. While Asgardians are generally known to be unequaled as warriors, Thor in particular stands out, with experience in both Asgardian and Earth-based conflicts. Ever since he was a child, he’s trained in weaponry at Asgard’s warrior school and was taught the art of war by Odin, having been trained for both standard combat practices such as horse-riding and more specific fields such as use of Mjolnir, and having gone on many adventures even during his youth. Captain America has described Thor as an expert combatant trained for centuries in the arts of war, with his understanding of tactics and strategies encompassing the teachings of cultures over several centuries, noting him as proficient in both swordsmanship and Mjolnir use and overall one of the most reliable Avengers members, while the likes of Red Hulk consider his combat skills legendary. Thor learns from every conflict he’s been in, able to counter strategies used against him previously, and records all his adventures in the Avengers’ Archives, also reading the mission reports of other members to ensure his familiarity. He regularly participates in training sessions with the Avengers and even has specially co-ordinated attacks with them. He’s fought in thousands of campaigns and battles with the reflexes to match, has switched between his mortal and godly form thousands of times, and has centuries of combat experience. He trained with the Warriors Three at a young age, and helped them fight Fenris Wolf in their first battle together. Even when totally depowered, he’s skilled enough for Black Widow to consider him Avengers material, and he’s spent years specifically fighting weaponless to hone his skills. Even at a young age, Thor had more combat experience than gods twice his age, and Captain America has said Thor has been in more battles than anybody he knows.


All that begs the question of how old Thor actually is, which is a tricky question both due to inconsistencies between writers and the inherently fluctuating nature of the mythic gods in Marvel and their cyclical existence, described at the beginning of this sheet. He’s been described as being active several thousand years in the past, over 5000 years old, and as having thousands of years worth of memories. Other comics, especially more modern ones, suggest him as having existed since before mankind even existed, having opposed the god Nuada in a time before man roamed the Earth, having walked the realms for more years than there are stars, having been on Earth before man developed tools, and being stated to have been alive longer than the entire human race, with Loki similarly being claimed to be older than humanity’s ability to walk upright. The most definitive answer we have for his age in modern comics is that he was born around 1 million BC, which generally lines up with most of these statements. Even the age at which he first picked up Mjolnir varies significantly between comics, with one depicting him as having it 4000 years ago while a more recent one depicts him as having started using it around the 11th century. Another still claims he was 18 when Odin first banished him to Earth, even though that’s clearly contradictory with it also being stated his growth from adolescent to man took place over centuries. Even in-spite of all of that, Thor’s lifetime was still not long enough to perform all the heroic feats he’s prophesied to perform, and so had to be expanded by Eternity’s children. The modern-era Thor is considered to be in his “adolescent” stage, still young by Asgardian measure.


Whatever the specifics are, Thor has proved his experience countless times. He regularly fights Asgardians comparable in age and training to him, such as the 200,000 year old Kartag, or Angela, his own older sister who’s trained since birth under the elite warriors of Heven to be a hunter. He’s fought alongside Runa, who’s nearly as old as Asgard itself. He’s a match for Hercules in pure wrestling and hand to hand, and faced the Elder God Set, who’s even older than the entire Asgardian race, before going on to take out even more Elder Gods as the All-Father. He has battled Surtur, who’s been described as the oldest being in Asgardian cosmology and older than any living god in Olympus, as well as the similarly ancient Ymir and Midgard Serpent. In terms of Earth’s history, Thor walked the Earth in 275 AD and has met Atilla the Hun’s general and even Jeanne D’Arc, and participated in the siege of Paris by the Danes in the 800s, having wandered the limits of the world in his youth. He’s been depicted as being present for the Trojan War (later justified as being due to time travel). Circa 1047, after only recently having lifted Mjolnir for the first time, Thor fought alongside an early version of the Avengers against the likes of Mephisto and Suma-Ket. His life is so long-lived that years are remembered as seconds for him and battles alongside the Avengers slip by. He’s defeated Ulik even when the latter’s strength was growing a thousandfold past Thor with each moment, and is perfectly willing to fight dirty if the situation demands it. Should pure combat not be enough, Thor is also in possession of a keen wit and strategic mind, having formed plans alongside military generals to take down the likes of Loki. Of particular note is him consistently being able to match and defeat Ares, who is war personified on every plane in every future, to the point Nate Grey couldn’t figure out a counter to him, and whose handbook profile notes him to be a master of all forms of weaponry and gives him a 7 on the power grid for his fighting skills (corresponding to mastery of all forms of combat). Even Donald Blake adds to his experience, having extensively studied the Norse myths and travelled to every continent, including both poles, and climbed Everest. While it’s sometimes stated otherwise, generally Thor and Blake are treated as sharing all of each other’s knowledge, which has been directly confirmed by editors.


A key point to note is that Thor’s strength isn’t static over comic history, and he gets stronger with age. This is not only directly stated, but demonstrated with his performance against foes like Durok, where it’s specifically noted that while Thor needed Mjolnir to stand against him in the past, he is now able to match him purely with his physical strength and break his grip. This is backed up by Thor’s enemies as well, with it being stated that the Midgard Serpent, the Mangog, the Destroyer, and Gorr all grow stronger each time they’re fought. Likewise, Hela, Surtur, and the Wrecker have all faced Thor after receiving an explicit power boost making them stronger than they were in previous encounters. Ironically, other Asgardians who don’t have Thor’s link to the planet become more vulnerable and mortal when present on Earth. It was stated in 2015 that Asgard’s overall forces were not what they used to be, though in-context this statement could be referring to a whole host of other problems Asgard was going through at the time.


Thor was also the best sex the god Zephyr ever had, and while depowered, was able to perfectly simulate the sound of thunder with his mouth enough to terrify a skinhead. I’m not sure which one of those was funnier to end on. Pretty good cook too.












  • Medical (as Thor)

As mentioned, it’s sometimes suggested that Thor loses his medical knowledge when the Donald Blake identity is removed from him, but this has been contradicted multiple times, in-part due to the general inconsistencies in how the Donald Blake/Thor dichotomy works.










Mjolnir


Overview


Mjolnir (alt. Mjollner, lit. The Crusher) is the legendary hammer wielded by Thor. Forged by the dwarves of Nidavellir in the heart of a star over 17 days in a process so intense the star itself died, imbued with the magic of Odin and fuelled by his very life-force, the hammer is a symbol of not just Thor’s strength, but his divinity itself. It acts as the Norse myth counterpart to other legendary weapons such as Kusanagi no Tsurugi and Gae Bolg. The runes on its side describe its function best: Whosoever holds this hammer, if they be worthy, shall possess the power of Thor. Only those deemed worthy by the one controlling the hammer’s magic can wield it. Don’t ask what worthiness actually is, it’s never been exactly defined. Your favourite character can be worthy if you want, it’s ok.


Mjolnir is two feet long and initially had a leather handle. It is primarily composed of especially pure uru, a special mineral found in Asgard which originates from a destroyed moon, making it exceptionally strong and a good receptacle for Odin’s magic. Per the Marvel Anatomy handbook, the shaft of the hammer is also reinforced by uru. The hammer grants Thor a unique cloak of power and unerring accuracy, ensuring it is more likely to strike its intended target, and has been described as having a specific “vibratory essence”. This is possibly its Haltija, a term referring to the spirit and true “thatness” of an object


Later sections will go into more detail on the specific abilities and functions of Mjolnir, but a general rundown of its primary abilities has been given in the comics themselves:


  • It allows for Thor to fly with a single throw of the hammer, with Thor being able to control the course of his flight through means beyond mortal comprehension with no known top speed or distance

  • It can only be wielded by those deemed worthy, not even the Hulk can lift the hammer under normal conditions

  • It’s described as being nearly indestructible and able to shatter mountains and pulverise “minor planetoids”, and will always return to Thor’s hand no matter how far it's thrown or what it hits

  • It can manipulate weather. Two taps of the hammer on the ground summons storms, wind or lightning, three taps end said storms, and Thor can also fire various forms of mystical energy from the hammer without having to tap it on the ground 

  • It can open dimensional portals to transport to distant dimensions and planes of reality. 

  • It allows Thor to transform between his godly and mortal forms by stamping the hammer and willing it to occur. In the past this took the form of fully turning him into the mortal Donald Blake, but it also just lets him switch between civilian clothes and his Thor costume when Donald Blake isn’t a thing


Beyond its use as a weapon, Mjolnir is a religious artifact, able to consecrate treaties and marriages. This allows it to function as a holy weapon, capable of setting vampires ablaze like a stake and even harming the spirit of vengeance Johnny Blaze when pinned against him. The uru metal also makes Mjolnir reflective enough that Thor could use it as a prism for sunlight to kill a bunch of vampires. When not in his hand, Thor keeps Mjolnir attached to his belt. In his guise as Sigurd Jarlson, he kept it in his satchel, and when he was running around completely shirtless for a time during the 90s, he had it chained to his wrist.



Mjolnir has undergone numerous alterations and status quo shifts across its history. While it has been stated that the Odin-magic imbued inside it is so potent that if the hammer is destroyed, it risks causing a shift in the cosmic balance and that the forces inside it would ravage the realms, the hammer has been broken and reforged numerous times across its history without such a thing occurring (minus a special exception coming up in the next section). Most notably, both Thor and Odin lost the ability to wield Mjolnir for a time, with the hammer instead being held by Jane Foster taking the mantle of Thor. During this period, Mjolnir displayed numerous unique abilities not seen before or since, and Thor himself admitted Jane wielded the hammer in a way he had never seen before, which can be attributed to the sentience of the hammer preferring Jane as its wielder. At the end of the War of the Realms event, Mjolnir was reforged by Thor in the sun, now with a shaft made out of a root of Yggdrasil. After the hammer was destroyed and reforged again later, it for a time held the spirit of Odin inside it, who could control the hammer telekinetically. In its current status quo, Mjolnir was finally fully repaired by the All-Father Thor using cosmic lightning, which served to make the hammer stronger than ever and fully link Thor to it. Most notably, this means Thor is now the one who decides who is worthy and who isn’t, with him being able to freely give and relinquish worthiness as he so chooses. For those other than Thor who are granted worthiness, the power of the hammer goes away after 60 seconds of not wielding it.


Properties


Strength
Mjolnir has been described on multiple occasions as doubling Thor’s strength.



Magical Properties
The magic imbued inside Mjolnir is the primary source of its power, and has several unique properties.
 


Uru Properties

The uru Mjolnir is composed of has been used on multiple occasions to achieve specific effects due to its innate conductivity for magic.
 


Powering
Due to the amount of magical power contained inside Mjolnir, it is able to be used effectively as a power source for technology. The Avengers frequently employ this for their spaceships during interstellar missions.



Duplication

While Mjolnir has been duplicated a few times, it’s also been stated it can’t be duplicated in normal space-time.



Weight

Mjolnir’s weight, enchantments aside, has been officially listed as 42.3 pounds, but it’s also been described in the comics as having immeasurable weight.



The God Tempest


Mjolnir is powerful, enormously so. Its strength defies even Odin’s comprehension. Sometimes, it even seems to have a will of its own. It would take decades before the truth behind it came to light.


Eons ago, Odin engaged in a pitched battle with the God Tempest for the fate of Asgard. Known also as the Mother Storm, this entity was the elder god of storms existing since the dawn of time, comparable to the likes of Knull, the Phoenix, and the Black Winter, which manifested as a galaxy sized thunderstorm with winds strong enough to snuff out stars. When it made Asgard its next target, Odin battled it for several days straight, and, through the total power of his magic and the strength of Gungnir, managed to defeat the entity and seal it in a hunk of raw uru. The dwarves of Nidavellir would forge this possessed uru in the heart of a dying star into Mjolnir, now infused with Odin’s magic and still possessed by the raging God Tempest.


Initially, Mjolnir would defy Odin’s command, preventing him from moving and wielding it due to the God Tempest’s resentment, the hammer only yielding to him when Odin placed the worthiness enchantment on it and the God Tempest’s will seemed to fade. Thor would go most of his life unaware of the truth behind his hammer and the sentience lurking inside it, the hammer possessed by both the God Tempest and the spirits of the dwarves who died during its forging.

Jane Foster would come to learn of the truth of the God Tempest’s existence during her time as Thor. The God Tempest took a liking to the girl, guiding her on where to go and obeying her commands almost as more of a companion than a weapon. The God Tempest has shown preference for certain wielders of the hammer, and has allowed those it considers allies to wield it in desperate situations while preventing even Odin in the modern day from wielding it. It was even able to read Jane’s thoughts and manifest as a duplicate of her to perform surgery, though this took tremendous power and over a century of rest even for Mjolnir. Upon learning where Mjolnir’s sentience stemmed from, Jane learned to unleash the God Tempest from the hammer, essentially able to now drop a galaxy sized elder god supernuke on her problems whenever she wanted. The first time she did this, the God Tempest created lightning which stretched from one galaxy to another and shook worlds half a universe away. She would do it again to fight off the Phoenix Force, the God Tempest able to hold its own against its fellow cosmic entity. When Mjolnir was destroyed in the sun in a battle against Mangog, the God Tempest was freed, threatening to rip apart the moon until Thor and Odin channeled its power to resurrect Jane and seemingly killed it (retroactively, this is likely what the prior statements about the hammer unleashing cosmic destruction if broken were referring to).


When Mjolnir was reforged by the combined might of 4 Thors, a remnant of the God Tempest lingered inside it, granting it sentience once more. However, the God Tempest wasn’t resurrected unscathed. Being reforged in the sun ended up merging the God Tempest with Mangog’s corrupt energies, twisting its eldritch moral compass. It grew bored with Thor’s duties as All-Father, preventing him from wielding it while allowing anybody else to pick it up, and secretly shattering Odin’s enchantments to cause chaos on Asgard. This would come to the fore when the God Tempest challenged Thor directly, manifesting a form of electricity while wielding complete control over Mjolnir, strong enough to endure direct attacks from Thor. It took Thor using the total force of the All-Power and the flames of Nidavellir’s forges to slay the God Tempest, burning it into nothing and shattering Mjolnir in the process. When Mjolnir was reforged by Thor, it was deemed to be stronger than ever, and now seems to lack the sentience of the God Tempest, fully obeying Thor’s commands. 


Durability


Mjolnir is physically scarred by countless battles, but remains enormously durable through the combination of uru’s natural strength and the magic inside of it. It takes immense power to damage Mjolnir, let alone completely destroy it. Thor frequently uses the hammer to deflect projectiles.


Against force


Against cutting


Against heat


Against esoteric damage


Damaging and reforging

Mjolnir has been significantly damaged a limited number of times across its history, and is usually reforged fairly quickly. Thor has shown the ability to repair a broken Mjolnir through his own power, though in other instances it requires more elaborate intervention.



As a cane

Even when transformed into a cane when used by Donald Blake, Mjolnir has shown a few durability feats, though it is usually treated as just being an ordinary cane which can be easily broken.



Carrying

Mjolnir can carry immense weight when thrown, Thor frequently using it to tow others with him in flight.



Grip

While Thor can be disarmed with enough force, he has immense grip on the hammer, and it takes more than an ordinary attack to make him break his hold. He’s even been able to use it as a latch to climb up cliffs, though the hammer’s thong was once cut to make him lose grip.



Enchantments


Mjolnir is defined as having 6 primary enchantments. These are detailed below in-order. Mjolnir has also done a bunch of other random bullshit that doesn’t really fall into any of the 6 primary enchantments, so those will be listed separately.


Enchantment 1: Worthiness


Mjolnir’s most significant enchantment, which ensures that only those deemed worthy by the one in-control of the hammer’s magic can lift it. Thor himself first became worthy instinctively upon seeing his mother in danger. For most of Thor’s history, the worthiness requirement was decided by Odin and his definition of a worthy warrior. The enchantment persisted after Odin’s death, to the point that Thor as the All-Father could lose worthiness if he crossed the line. During Jane Foster’s tenure as Thor, the God Tempest decided who was able to wield the hammer as detailed above. In current canon while wielding the All-Power, Thor has complete control over Mjolnir and its enchantment, and so can grant and strip worthiness as he pleases.


Those deemed unworthy to wield Mjolnir will be unable to even budge the hammer. Throughout Marvel history, there has never been a single entity who’s been able to overcome Mjolnir’s enchantment with sheer strength. Even the Hulk in one of his strongest states could not move the hammer when it pinned him down, instead needing to let the hammer blow through his chest to escape. In-universe, Bruce Banner has raised two theories for how exactly this works: Mjolnir either emits graviton particles via something akin to nanotech that increases the rate of graviton emission to increase its effective mass when held by an unworthy person, or it’s just magic. It’s been confirmed by the author Mark Waid that the graviton theory is true, with this also being the explanation for how someone like Metal Master can manipulate the hammer; by manipulating its inertia, he’s capable of stopping it dead in relation to the Earth’s rotation without actually moving the hammer itself. Though of course, it is still magic, so it’s not exactly a hard science.


Notably, there can be ‘levels’ to worthiness. Prior to becoming worthy, Thor would struggle to raise the hammer past a certain height before being overwhelmed, and during his unworthy period, Thor was able to lift a small sliver of the destroyed hammer with strain when the angels of Heven could not. Captain America has also been shown needing to “think worthy thoughts” to get in the right mindset to wield the hammer. 


Beyond Mjolnir’s natural abilities, those who wield the hammer are granted the power of the God of Thunder, and so become resistant to lightning and are given enhanced physical strength. If you’re curious, there’s no real reason ever given why someone like Captain America has never displayed any extra special abilities while wielding Mjolnir while others like Jane Foster gain all of Thor’s abilities. 


Mechanics

As you’d expect, the worthiness requirement comes up pretty frequently, and so has numerous intricacies.



Magnetism
Despite its enchantment, Mjolnir is still a metal object, and so has consistently been shown to be vulnerable to magnetic fields.



Trapping

Mjolnir has also been shown to be vulnerable to being trapped in some way.



Power bestowal

Normally, those who hold Mjolnir are granted the thunder god powers of Thor. Thor can use this to restore his powers if they’ve been otherwise lost.



Non-sentients

Usually, those who aren’t properly sentient, such as robots or magical constructs, are able to freely wield the hammer, though there are inconsistencies. Sometimes the hammer can be lifted by an atomic-powered hydraulic hoist, while other times even ships strong enough to yank moons out of orbit could not budge the Ultimate Universe Mjolnir (which is depicted as functioning the same as the 616 Mjolnir in this comic).



WHO’S WORTHY????



The most important question of all, the following is a list of everybody who’s been able to wield the hammer in some form. It’s divided into three categories: those traditionally worthy and able to wield it conventionally, those granted worthiness for a specific purpose, and those who only held it via some sort of loophole.

Traditionally worthy


Granted worthiness for a specific purpose


Wielded through a loophole


Enchantment 2: Returning to user


This enchantment dictates that when separated from its wielder, Mjolnir will always return back to their hand. Most commonly, this manifests as the hammer returning to Thor’s hand whenever he throws it, cleaving through any obstacle to do so


This property doesn’t just apply after the hammer is thrown. It’s been stated by Red Norvell that the wielder just has to think and the hammer will always jump right back to them. While it has been stated occasionally that the hammer won’t automatically return if dropped, this has been clearly contradicted many times and these statements mostly come from earlier comics where the rules hadn’t been established well, as acknowledged by editorial. It’s also been stated early on that Mjolnir only returns to the exact spot it was thrown from, but this is also clearly contradicted. In general, the hammer can always return no matter where Thor is or how it was lost


Additionally, Mjolnir has a secret name which causes it to automatically return to the hand of whoever says it, known only to Thor and a select few others. If the hammer has been compromised, Thor can sing a prayer to restore its enchantment and drag the hammer back to him. This works even when Thor and Mjolnir are a solar system apart. Thor can freely send the hammer into an alternate dimension to keep it out of the enemy’s hands before summoning it back.


When simultaneously summoned by two who are equally worthy and comparable in strength, the hammer remains in a deadlock between them.


Mechanics

Since the mechanism of the hammer returning is obviously based on magic and not physics, how exactly the concept of momentum applies to the hammer has somewhat varied between stories.



Mechanics that are established at one point but are contradicted 

As mentioned previously, multiple ‘weaknesses’ have been given to Mjolnir’s recall ability over the years, but a good number of these have only come up sparsely and are contradicted by later or previous showings.



Distance

Mjolnir has been shown to quickly return to Thor from across universal distances and even between entirely separate dimensions. How fast the hammer does this varies, but it’s almost always fast enough for whatever the situation calls for.



From others

Even when held by others, Thor has some ability to recall Mjolnir to him back from their hands.



Through objects

Mjolnir can smash through any obstacle in its path if needed to return to its master. Stronger objects will take more force and time to break through, but good luck trying to stop Mjolnir through power alone.



Against esoterics

Various esoteric abilities have been used to prevent Thor from recalling Mjolnir, with varying degrees of success



Ricochets

Mjolnir has the ability to precisely ricochet against targets per Thor’s whim.



Control

Beyond just returning to his hand, Thor has the ability to essentially telekinetically control Mjolnir after it has been thrown, making it turn in different directions mid-air and adjust its speed. The extent of this control varies, and it was noted that Jane’s ability to precisely dart Mjolnir around her enemies was something beyond Thor’s ability to do with the hammer. This is backed up by old King Thor considering Jane the best wielder of Mjolnir.



Other


Enchantment 3: Weather Control + Energy Projection


Thor’s signature ability is to create and control weather phenomena. While Thor does have a latent ability to control weather as the God of Thunder, Mjolnir enhances this even further. Thor has said that all the power of all storms in the world flows through him and can be summoned any time in any place. These storms can last for up to 50 years, and Thor is frequently depicted as being able to manifest storms on different planets and dimensions. Thor can summon and control many kinds of weather, from rainstorms to lightning to snow, with lightning in particular being one of Thor’s primary offensive options. He can also summon rainbows.


Notably, the storms Thor creates are alive and sentient to some degree, having been tricked by Loki to turn on him during the Godstorm mini-series. This is prominently shown off during Immortal Thor, where the All-Father Thor is frequently depicted as literally talking to his weather to control it.


Also filed under this enchantment is Mjolnir’s ability to project energy for attacks, ranging from generic energy blasts to mystical beams, allowing Thor to attack from a long range.


Storms


Thor frequently summons storms as the situation requires, whether to douse flames with rain, disrupt enemies, or blow them away with the storm’s intensity. These storms can be intense enough to overwhelm the Hulk, damage Ego, raze cities, and match planet-destroying attacks.


Early on in Thor’s history, Mjolnir’s ability to conjure weather was described as occurring after he tapped it twice on the ground, but Thor has since been shown manipulating weather many times without needing to do this, having summoned storms at the speed of thought before purely via mental command, and there’s never been an instance of him being unable to manipulate weather due to not being able to tap the hammer.



Storm range

Thor’s storms can be so precise as to be localised entirely inside small areas, or so big as to cover the entire planet or affect other dimensions. Thor can even conjure storms underground.



Storm duration

Thor’s storms can last however long he pleases, from at least a week to as short as a single panel.



The Godstorm


The Godstorm is a specific sentient storm known to the deities of Asgard, described as the most powerful storm of them all, with lightning strong enough to damage Mjolnir and rob it of its momentum. When Thor first called upon the Godstorm, it attempted to resist him before buckling under his will. Thor ended up commanding the Godstorm to the bottom of the sea to trap it forever. When the Godstorm was later freed, it proved resistant to Thor’s control and battled him. It took an encounter with Loki for the Godstorm to realise its foolishness and begin obeying Thor, the Godstorm summoning storms from across the whole world to beat down Loki and drain his powers with a lightning bolt.


Air Manipulation


Thor has free control over air currents, frequently using this power to create whirlwinds and batter enemies with unnaturally powerful gales so intense they can harm the likes of Surtur. He’s able to channel winds from across the whole planet and even alternate realms, and has such precision with them as to target specific objects while leaving those around unharmed. He arguably does this more than he actually creates storms.


Vacuum creation and suction

Thor can remove the air from an area to do things such as draw in items via suction and quell flames.



Wind manipulation

Thor frequently employs wind blasts to batter enemies in combat, but has also employed gales for traversal.



Whirlwinds

Thor frequently applies whirlwinds either for offense or to contain large expenditures of energy, his whirlwinds being supernaturally resistant to force. These whirlwinds can overwhelm the likes of Ghost Rider and counteract tsunamis.



Atmosphere restoration

Thor has twice been able to restore the atmosphere around celestial bodies to aid his allies.



Tornadoes

Thor has summoned tornadoes/typhoons/cyclones to whisk himself or others across large distances and overwhelm enemies. He has precise control over the level of damage the tornado can cause, and can summon them even underwater and underground.



Sound Manipulation

Thor’s wind can produce high-frequency waves.



Lightning Control


Thor’s primary offensive ability beyond smashing things with his hammer is, of course, firing lightning. This usually appears as either summoning lightning from the sky, or firing blasts of lightning directly from his hammer. Said lightning is naturally quick, quicker even than speedsters like Angela, can be heard from worlds away, and can range from being big enough to be visible against planets to precise enough to burn away an infection on an individual person and target small objects. It can be summoned underwater or in space and can be controlled in potency. Thor can also channel the lightning, either through his hammer or himself for targeted strikes which amplify the lightning’s potency a hundredfold. This also allows Thor to directly attack with electrically charged hammer swings, which can subsequently transmit electricity through whatever Thor strikes in precise patterns.


While Thor’s lightning is still normal electricity and is composed of ordinary electrons, it has been suggested a few times to be innately magical and divine, and has been referred to as “living lightning”. The bolts can ionise individual molecules to strike gaseous entities, hurt normally intangible beings like Atum, and are extremely hot, able to melt solid materials. Jane Foster’s lightning has been described as 30,000 kelvin hot specifically, which is about the same as lightning in real life. 


Thor will frequently employ lightning when his physical offense isn’t enough. The lightning is strong enough to knock out the Hulk in a single strike, vaporise monsters strong enough to kill Thor, defeat entities he had otherwise stalemated, blow through the Chaos King, and can even KO Thor himself. More directly, it’s been able to match and disperse planet-destroying energy beams. In Avengers scenarios, Thor can use this lightning to supercharge teammates like Iron Man and Captain Marvel.


As seen in Immortal Thor, like his storms, the lightning itself is sentient, and All-Father Thor can speak to it or the lightning summoned by others like Storm to control it, even from the likes of Zeus, repeatedly commanding his bolts to turn away before they can hit him.


Lightning from the sky

As you’d expect, Thor has on many occasions called upon lightning from the clouds above to smite his target, though the lightning can actually strike upwards as well if he wants.



Lightning from Mjolnir

Mjolnir can send out blasts of lightning directly from itself, giving Thor a useful ranged option at any time. He’s used Mjolnir’s lightning to match the power of Zeus for an extended period.



Water Manipulation


While much less common than his use of storms and tornadoes (as you can tell from the length of this section LOL), Thor and Mjolnir can flood areas with rain and create tsunamis directly to wash over targets. He can also more precisely use Mjolnir to create water spouts or whirlpools.



Earth Manipulation


Mjolnirr can create high-magnitude earthquakes which Thor has precise control of to avoid damaging specific entities.



Cold Manipulation


Despite being shown off in his very first appearance, Thor’s use of snowstorms and blizzards is pretty uncommon, to the point even the editors were tripped up and admitted at one point they didn’t know if he could make snow or sleet. He can create snow across cities and release cold winds, including specifically the winds of Niflheim, the realm of the dead. For whimsy, he can also spin his hammer on snow to create a snow bath.



Heat Manipulation


Mjolnir can produce flames in a variety of ways. It can project fire from its head directly, which can also form a wall to bar opponents. Due to the hammer’s metal and speed, it can also whirl fast enough to light itself on fire, which Thor can then strike with in an “atomic flare” far above his normal attacks.



Cosmic Storms


Mjolnir’s control over the storm is broad and all-encompassing, and Thor has used it to deploy and take command of cosmic storms with celestial power that test even his limits. Naturally, he’s more frequently produced cosmic storms when he has the All-Power.



Controlling Other Weather


Mjolnir can hijack weather phenomena, either natural ones or those created by others, and put them under Thor’s command.



Energy Projection


Mjolnir can fire generic energy blasts from its head at Thor’s mental command. These blasts are extremely powerful relative to Thor’s own strength, and have been described as all the power Thor has to command.



Unique energy projection

Thor has sometimes projected unique forms of energy from his hammer which seem distinct from his more general generic energy blasts.



Anti-Force

A subset of Thor’s general energy projection is his anti-force blasts, which are particularly potent, and can be used to counteract opposing forces



Limitations


On various occasions, Thor has been unable to take control or manipulate weather for one reason or another. What exactly prevents a storm from being one Thor can control isn’t really defined and there’s no consistent rules for it beyond what’s convenient for the plot.



Enchantment 4: Dimension Travel


By far one of Thor’s most used abilities is creating dimensional warps in space-time. Beyond the obvious utility of being able to hop between dimensions freely, Thor frequently creates these warps to chase down opponents, remove others from the battlefield, and banish away large bursts of energy. Thor only has to think of his destination and visualise it in his mind before spinning Mjolnir so it would carry him there instinctually, even to places he’d never seen before, allowing Thor to go pretty much anywhere imaginable. Thor has good knowledge of alternate planets and dimensions, and can warp to specific ones for specific purposes. Mjolnir’s space-spanning abilities are described as innate, and not a property of Odin’s enchantments, meaning they were still usable even when Odin was dead, likely due to the God Tempest’s power.


Notably, Mjolnir’s dimensional warps are what actually let Thor travel between Asgard and Earth, even when it sometimes seems like he’s flying between dimensions on page. Even when he’s drawn as a streak flying across cosmic realms, Sif’s similar ability, which has been drawn in the same manner and directly compared to Thor’s, is depicted elsewhere as a form of teleportation, indicating Thor’s power is similarly more teleportation than movement. It’s stated on multiple occasions that the use of dimensional winds is how he travels, through a form of “hyperspace”, and he’s shown intimate familiarity with how to navigate wormholes. This dimensional travel between Earth and the Ten Realms has been suggested on multiple occasions to be linked specifically to the Bifrost. The likes of Odin, Sif, and the Enchantress have stated the existence of the Bifrost is what facilitates their ability to travel dimensions, with Sif’s ability having occasionally been depicted as being directly summoning the Bifrost for travel. When the Bifrost has been destroyed, Thor has had difficulty trying to reach Asgard via Mjolnir’s normal dimensional warps, sometimes taking weeks or even being completely unable to do so. Thor himself has used the hammer’s ability to travel dimensions to send others back to Asgard, and Mjolnir has some sort of ability to lead Thor to the Bifrost and carry him between Earth and Asgard or just summon the Bifrost outright. When travelling between the other Nine Realms, Thor uses the connecting branches of Yggdrasil as a guide. It should go without saying that crossing the Bifrost in a short time does not require any particular speed, given Captain America was able to ride his motorbike across it. All of this should apply to other showings of Asgardian characters traversing between realms, making said feats questionable to use for speed as has been argued in the past, though also note that none of this is likely to apply to the realms other than the ones directly connected to Yggdrasil and the Bifrost. This reliance on the Bifrost also becomes less of a factor when Thor has the All-Power, as Loki has stated that All-Father Thor’s ability to summon the dimensional winds lets him travel to Earth and back even with the Bifrost broken.


Mechanics

Due to being so esoteric and malleable, the dimensional winds have been depicted in many different forms across Thor’s history.



Between space

Thor frequently employs his vortexes to carry himself and others between locations in the Earth dimension, allowing him to transport himself instantly to the other side of the universe.



Between dimensions

Thor most commonly uses his warps to ferry himself between dimensions. He, of course, does this almost every time he goes from Asgard to Earth and back, but he can also send himself and others to numerous other dimensions freely, even ones unconnected to the Ten Realms. His warps are strong enough to bypass cosmic storms blocking entry to dimensions, though it does require effort, at least without the All-Power.



Chasing

Should an enemy try to escape a fight by hopping between dimensions, Thor can chase after them in hot pursuit using Mjolnir’s own warps. Thor can also warp to whoever he needs to find in a short time.



BFR

On multiple occasions, Thor has banished an opponent to end the fight. He’s done this to both people and to huge structures. With the All-Power, he can even banish beings as powerful and huge as Toranos to realms as distant as the Far Shore.



Channeling away energy

Thor can create vortexes and portals to channel large outbursts of energy through and safely disperse them away from wherever he is.



Closing portals

Mjolnir’s power over dimensional warps has also allowed it to close portals manifested by others.



Other

As you can probably imagine, these warps aren’t super well-defined despite how common they are, and so have done a lot of random bullshit. Thor has been able to use dimensional warps as shields, and once used a semi-permeable warp to simply step out a restraint around him. The portals can also directly link to stars, which Thor has used to kill Uriel by dragging him into one.



Enchantment 5: Changing Form


Did you know Thor was meant to be Marvel’s equivalent to Superman and the original Captain Marvel? This enchantment should make it obvious. For the first two decades of his publication history, Thor operated with a mortal identity known as Donald Blake, which had been created by Odin (sorta). While outwardly an ordinary doctor with a limp, whenever Blake tapped his cane, he would be transformed into the mighty Thor, with the cane becoming Mjolnir itself. If Thor was separated from his hammer for more than 60 seconds, he would revert back to Blake, though this only occurred on Earth and not in space or Asgard. If Thor’s mortal self is killed, Thor dies as well.


Eventually, Odin would remove this enchantment from Mjolnir and transfer it to Beta Ray Bill’s Stormbreaker, effectively removing Blake from existence. The remaining enchantment left in the hammer served to simply allow Thor to swap clothes to his guise as Sigurd Jarlson, meaning Thor was now always in his godly form all the time. Thor would later be merged with a human construction worker named Eric Masterson, and would again swap between his godly and mortal states by striking the hammer while reverting to mortal form if separated for 60 seconds. Unlike with Blake, Mjolnir would not transform into a cane even when Eric Masterson was active. Eric would actually replace Thor for a time until Thor returned, now once again absent any mortal identity.


In the late 90s, Thor would use this enchantment again when he merged with the deceased paramedic Jake Olson. Jake Olson wasn’t a separate persona like Donald Blake or an actual human being coexisting with Thor like Eric Masterson, but clearly Thor himself, just forced into a mortal form resembling the deceased human. Olson would transform to his godly state by striking his fist, which summoned Mjolnir to him, though he did still need the hammer somewhat nearby to transform and to command it to materialize in his hand. After some very complex drama, Thor’s godly and mortal selves would again be completely merged. When Thor returned to life in 2007, Blake inexplicably came back with him, and the two now operated as essentially two different beings sharing the same body, even able to speak to each other in their head. When Thor was killed and resurrected at the end of the Fear Itself event in 2011, Blake was separated from him and became entirely his own person, even acting as essentially Thor’s arch-nemesis for a time. Since then, Thor has lacked a human identity, so this enchantment has seen little use for him.


Of note is that Mjolnir’s ability to change someone’s appearance and alter their state from mortal to god doesn’t just apply to the one wielding it. Thor has used this power to revert a series of monster-fied humans back to their mortal forms and turn his horse into a winged pegasus. A man wielding Mjolnir at the time could tap the hammer to remove his armour and powers and become a mortal again. Due to the transformation being an enchantment created by Odin, it takes more than Mjolnir’s power alone for someone to affect the transformation. Even when Tarene copied Mjolnir’s power, for instance, she was unable to turn Jake Olson into Thor, and it was noted to specifically require the Odinforce.


The transformation from mortal to god doesn’t just affect one physically, but mentally. Grabbing Mjolnir would cause Jane Foster to literally shift perspective as the chemistry of her mind changed to match that of a god, in this instance choosing to resist the feeling and remain as Valkyrie even while holding Mjolnir.

Donald Blake


Donald Blake is Thor’s classic and most common alter-ego, a highly-skilled yet humble doctor with a limp in his left leg (though it did heal over time), having been introduced in Thor’s debut comic and remaining a recurring element of his story since. Fittingly, what Donald Blake actually is is very, very convoluted and inconsistent across Thor’s history. The initial explanation given is that Odin wanted to teach Thor humility after a particularly tumultuous incident, and so stripped Thor of his power and memories before sending him to Earth in the form of Donald Blake. Odin then placed Mjolnir in a cave in Norway so Blake would find it when his lesson was learned and transform him back into Thor. As a result, while being Donald Blake in spirit, Thor is the true identity. A later retelling of this origin depicted Blake as initially being like a split personality and soul from Thor inside his head, before Odin explains that he and Thor are in-truth the same soul and he effectively merges with Thor, freeing Thor from his mind control. It’s been described as Thor and Blake sharing a mental link and knowing all each other’s thoughts, and classic comics depict Blake as still retaining elements of Thor’s brain., though they’re also sometimes treated as having different brains and thought processes. For instance, by stripping his mind of earthly thought processes, Blake is able to essentially think as Thor for a while. It’s been stated that even as Blake, his soul is still that of Thor’s, but Thor himself has described Blake as like a spirit inside him. More explicitly, when Loki swapped bodies with Thor, reverting to Blake immediately caused Thor’s spirit to enter Blake’s body while Loki’s spirit returned to his own body due to Odin’s spell. All this inconsistency even came in the editor answers in the letters pages, with one noting that unlike Clark Kent, Blake is his own person with his own personality and consciousness, while a later one explicitly describes them as just being different personas of the same being who share all each other’s knowledge.


More elaboration would come in a Thor Annual issue, describing Blake as a mortal shell created by Odin’s enchantment at the moment of Thor’s banishment, possessing a form and memories based on a template of a human medical student. Odin is depicted as the one who instilled the urge in Blake to travel to Norway and find Mjolnir after 10 years of living as a human, and eventually makes Blake realise his true identity as Thor by lifting the veil on his mind, causing Thor to remember events buried in his past. Generally from around this era and onwards, Thor and Blake were, for the most part, depicted as being more like different personas of the same fundamental being, simply being a change in mental state and syntax and clearly one contiguous being, though still sometimes called different personalities. When Thor was hit by a device which draws out someone’s inner shadow-self, it took the effect of putting Blake’s conscience in Thor’s body, until a speech from Spider-Man made Blake realise he and Thor aren’t different entities but reflections of the same soul, causing Thor’s personality to reassert himself in his body. Even though Blake is still a mortal who ages normally, he has the eyes of a god, and is depicted in Marvel Graphic Novel as able to instantly switch to speaking in the manner of a god when needed. This story in particular depicts Blake as being entirely the same personality as Thor, his human identity simply acting as a relief from his godly duties.


A large wrinkle would come in when it was revealed that the human template Blake was based on was the character Keith Kincaid, a fellow medical student, as this would later be used for a huge retcon to the nature of Blake circa the mid-90s. Long after Thor had already lost the Donald Blake identity due to transferring the enchantment, he wound up finding the human form of Donald Blake in a cave in Wundagore, frozen in time from the moment he first touched the cane in Thor’s debut issue. Odin would soon reveal the extremely convoluted truth; Blake was actually a real person, who Odin forced Thor’s spirit into to save him from a prophesied death. When Blake struck the cane in Norway for the first time, Odin popped in, froze time, released Thor’s spirit from his body, whereupon it gathered solid matter around itself to form a new body. Every time Thor transformed to Blake, he was apparently just reshaping his body using Mjolnir without realising. The real Blake, meanwhile, was stored inside a cave in Wundagore which Odin transformed into an exact duplicate of the cave in Norway (I still have no idea why he did that last part???)..


The retcons wouldn’t even stop there, as only a few issues later it was revealed that the Donald Blake who Thor had found in Wundagore wasn’t even the original, but an exact duplicate created by Loki’s wife Sigyn after she accidentally killed the actual Blake, which eventually imploded like a black hole. This sucked Thor into a limbo-space until the Blake construct let him free, shattering the Blake construct and restoring Thor.


So all of that is obviously a frankly ludicrous retcon, stating that not only was Blake actually a real person, but that Thor never was the actual Blake, and he was essentially just larping as a human doctor until his head got sorted straight. Despite how absurd and wide-reaching the effects of this retcon are, it has essentially never been acknowledged again in the slightest, and is in-fact actively contradicted many times, with basically every subsequent story just sticking with the idea that Blake is a construct created by Odin to teach Thor humility and completely ignoring the retcon. For instance, a guidebook that came out less than two years later described Blake as being a construct created by Odin based on Keith Kincaid. When Thor returned after Ragnarok in 2007, it was stated that the Odinspell which had created Blake had also made him stop existing, and that when the gods fell in Ragnarok, Blake was in-turn restored to life on Earth, and summoned Thor back to reality from the void. The two acted as separate personalities sharing a body, able to observe the ongoings of Earth from the void. When Thor was placed in a state in-between life and death, Blake was briefly freed as a result. Blake was later fully freed upon Thor’s death during Fear Itself, somehow separating the two into discrete beings, with Blake commenting on how he only started having memories the day he entered med school at 21, when he was created by Odin. In modern canon, it’s definitive that Blake was a human soul created as camouflage by Odin via his knowledge of the runes, separate from yet linked to Thor’s godly soul, which, through a complex series of events, has currently wound up reincarnated into the form of the human Sigurd Jarlson, leaving that elaborate Wundagore retcon entirely forgotten. Blake’s body, and for a time his soul, became a vessel for the Midgard Serpent, where he was a super-badass who could solo Asgardians via his surgical skills applied to combat.


Where Thor and Blake go when dormant has had multiple answers. It’s been shown that while Thor is active, Blake’s spirit exists in the limbo of Vidblainn, and is able to talk to recently deceased souls. Later, it was stated that when Thor swaps places with Blake, Thor goes to the Elder-Sleep, allowing him to commune with spirits and old dead kings. Blake meanwhile goes to an imaginary idyllic world created by Odin. Striking his hammer let Thor turn Mjolnir into a cane and sent him from the Elder-Sleep to Blake’s dream world, which had been invaded by the Midgard Serpent after Odin’s death.


He has the balls to deck Molecule Man in the face.


Eric Masterson


Eric Masterson was Thor’s second true mortal persona, a down-on-his-luck but kind-hearted architect who Thor was merged with to save both of their lives. Despite the pair being merged both mentally and physically and sharing memories, they remained discrete individuals, with Masterson present inside Thor’s mindscape while the latter was active and the two having distinct personalities, POVs, and emotions. When the two were separated, they were able to merge with each other again by touching each other’s hands.


Eric would, for a time, replace Thor completely, taking up his mantle and hammer while the thunder god was indisposed. During this period, the magic which would switch Eric between his mortal and godly selves also healed his wounds. Transforming from his godly self to mortal self and back could fully recover him from injuries, and reverting to his mortal self allowed him to heal from near-fatal wounds and broken bones. Later, he would become the hero Thunderstrike, before tragically dying to stop the threat of the Bloodaxe.


After Eric’s death, Thor would reflect on the experience, and describe his and Eric’s merging as two personalities who shared every thought and desire, physically and mentally bonded on every plane of reality, perhaps explaining the influence they had on each other as people.


Wasn’t that so much simpler?


Jake Olson


After Thor was nearly killed in battle by the Destroyer, his life was saved by Marnot, one of Odin’s ravens in disguise, who used the Odinforce to merge Thor with the deceased EMT Jake Olson, both to save his life and to hide his presence from the threat of the Dark Gods. Unlike previous mergings and human identities, it was clear right from the start that Jake Olson was Thor through-and-through. Since the real Jake Olson was deceased, all Thor was really doing was taking on his image and mortality as a guise, feeling only vague recognition of Olson’s memories such as his wife and not knowing the details. When Thor transforms to Olson, he ends up wearing whatever Olson had on the last time he had transformed, and unlike with previous transformations, Thor would revert to Olson after 60 seconds without Mjolnir even when on Asgard.


Thor’s disguise as Olson proved effective, as his transformations caused him to disappear from Adva’s scanners, someone who can sense all worlds and planes of existence, every time he turned into Olson. Due to Thor’s godly abilities, injuries Olson receives will be healed when transformed into Thor. For instance, when Olson was burned by Gladiator’s heat vision, transforming to Thor seemed to heal it, but the wounds returned when he transformed back to Olson, and he would need to turn into Thor again to save himself. Likewise, turning back to Olson could help Thor escape the consequences of grievous injuries as well. It’s been stated by Jane Foster that they don’t have a complete understanding of his relationship with his godly self and how the body shifting works, but think that if he suffers a wound as Olson, becoming Thor heals it, while if Thor suffers a wound, Olson retains it.


Odin would eventually summon Olson out from Thor and draw him out as an independent person existing alongside Thor, possessing all his memories and skills of the real Olson. This Olson was essentially a duplicate of Thor stuck in mortal form, retaining all of Thor’s memories and medical knowledge, making it more like Thor was in two places at once. After Odin died, Thor and Olson remained separated, both having the same personality and memories in different forms. As Olson was the human part of Thor’s soul, this would have dire consequences on Thor’s personality, and they would eventually be merged back together by the All-Father Thor of a bad timeline to prevent said timeline from occurring.


Sigurd Jarlson


After Thor’s death at the hands of Loki, the human soul of Donald Blake was reincarnated into a new form on Earth, Sigurd Jarlson, taking his name from one of Thor’s previous mortal disguises. Despite thinking of himself as a new being and having no memories of his past, he retained Blake’s surgical skills and drive to protect others, with only the visage of Thor in his dreams alluding to his true identity. With his story still ongoing, it remains to be seen if Sigurd will be able to save Thor from the afterlife and bring about a new spring for the gods. He is, after all, just a man.


Swapping Form


The actual mechanism and properties of the transformation process has several unique effects, which this section documents.

Form properties

As explained above, how distinct Thor is from Blake or his other mortal personas, and how their very nature works, has varied a lot. Blake differs from Thor at a molecular level, and has all the needs of a human which he lacks in godly form, such as needing regular sleep.



Transformation properties

The act of transforming from mortal to god and vice-versa is actually pretty powerful, and releases a noticeable amount of energy. Thor’s mortal identities have been able to transform just by touching the cane with the intent to do so, and can swap between forms instantly.



Breaking spells

Due to the distinction between Thor’s mortal and godly identities, transforming between them has the unique property of breaking spells inflicted upon him. Any spell affecting Thor will not affect Blake when he transforms back, and vice-versa, which has allowed Thor to break out of spells on multiple occasions.



Enchantment 6: Time Travel


The last of Mjolnir’s primary enchantments is also the one he may not actually have anymore. Due to the God Tempest’s ability to feel future events, Mjolnir had a latent ability to time travel, able to travel anywhere from the dawn of creation to the end of the universe. Thor would use this power in classic stories to freely traverse the future and past as the plot required. Unfortunately for Thor, the writer Mark Gruenwald thought Thor having this power was dumb since it was way too obviously overpowered, and so wrote a story where Thor depleted his hammer’s time-energies to close the time vortex on Space Phantom’s planet and restore it to normal space-time, permanently preventing him from time travelling, which was later revealed to be part of a plot by Immortus to strip the Avengers of their primary means of time travel. The remaining energy of this enchantment was later completely expended to fuel a time travelling device to travel a couple of hours into the past. Since then, it has been consistently stated that Mjolnir’s ability to time travel was lost, with a more recent comic even seemingly trying to retcon it so that Thor never had any ability to time travel on his own at all, somehow. You can’t really blame Gruenwald for his grievances though, classic era Thor once used this power to reverse time with Mjolnir and send him back to the beginning of the issue, completely undoing the events which had happened while retaining memory of them. Why did he not do that more often?


Other hammer wielders have shown some capacity to affect time themselves. Beta Ray Bill once opened a dimensional portal to travel across time by duplicating the energy pattern that got him and his allies to the past, and he, Dargo Ktor, and Eric Masterson were able to synchronise their hammers to travel through time to Zarrko in Limbo, notably doing this after Mjolnir had lost its time-travel enchantment. Later, the trio could unite their hammers to call upon the power supreme and summon the original Thor from the timestream. Most bizarrely, in a comic that came out in 2016, Jane Foster described Mjolnir as being able to travel through time, with Kang seeking the hammer to utilise this ability, and she could use Mjolnir to time travel from her future back to the present day. How she was able to do this when this is well after Mjolnir completely lost its time travel ability is never explained. My best guess is that Thor having reforged the hammer with the Odinforce previously may have restored some of its lost enchantments, but since the hammer’s time travel ability is implied to stem from the God Tempest’s power and not Odin’s enchantment, that explanation doesn’t entirely make sense. In current canon, given Jane’s showing with it, it’s unclear if Thor with the All-Power is able to time travel again. While All-Father Thor could time travel to the past during the events of the storyline The Reigning in the early 2000s, this required help from both the goddess Tarene and Zarrko’s time-travel device, and he explicitly could not do it on his own.


Time travel usage


Mechanics


Flight


Mjolnir is what allows Thor to fly, holding the power of flight within itself. Thor is “pulled” by his hammer’s forward momentum when flying, and he learned to use this to fly soon after becoming worthy, with his son Magni being able to do so instinctually. While Thor is able to briefly hover in the air after throwing Mjolnir, he will fall if it doesn’t return to him quickly enough. Thor can hover in the air by whirling and rise into orbit, but he has also been seen standing in the air with his hammer on its hilt and not in his hand. This would imply that it’s less that Mjolnir allows Thor to fly through strictly its forward momentum, and more that Thor is given the power of flight so long as Mjolnir is on his person.


When holding his hammer, Thor can fly freely through both the air and space, able to change directions, halt in mid-air, and perform precise aerial maneuvers. The hammer’s movement defies Newtonian law, and Moon Girl has noted that the gyroscopic forces from twirling Mjolnir shouldn’t be enough to fly on their own. Thor’s flight is incredibly fast, and can travel across the Earth and large portions of the cosmos in a short time.


Without Mjolnir and when not imbued with the All-Power, Thor cannot fly, and must rely on other means to travel through the air, usually his goats (though there have been occasional errors depicting Thor as flying without Mjolnir).


Mechanics


Hovering


Control


Energy Absorption


Mjolnir and other weapons like it are built to drink the energies of stars, allowing it to freely absorb various kinds of energy, typically forms of radiation and electricity, though it has also been seen absorbing things like magic or cosmic energy. The hammer can absorb energy fired towards it and reflect it back, or it can absorb energy from an object or person directly. Thor can also combine the energies of himself and others to produce more powerful effects, able to amplify absorbed energies “a millionfold”. Thor can even absorb entities entirely into Mjolnir, such as the gaseous Dark Dweller or Electro. The latter would seek revenge on Thor by turning into a state he couldn’t absorb, namely anti-matter.



Forcefields


Mjolnir has the ability to create both traditional energy-based forcefields as well as wind-based vortex shields, strong enough to protect from cosmic events or contain enough energy to wipe out 1/5th of the universe.

Energy fields

Vortex shields


Magnetism


Mjolnir has the surprisingly consistent ability to manipulate and produce electromagnetic fields, either to produce magnetic force or absorb the electromagnetic fields of others even on the scale of Magneto.



Matter Manipulation


Mjolnir is able to precisely manipulate atoms, either through sheer force or through its magical ability to transmute elements. Jane Foster used Mjolnir to match the specific frequencies needed for dimensional travel, and was able to produce counter vibrations to cancel out opposing effects.


Sensing


Mjolnir has potent sensing abilities, Thor using it to track down specific entities via its magic.

Tracking

Other

Mjolnir’s sensory abilities extend beyond finding things. It’s been able to alert Thor of evil presences and identify power sources, as well as block incoming electromagnetic signals.


Soul Manipulation


Mjolnir has ferried souls with its winds, having done so to both loose souls and to purge others of possession, and can be used to draw out the souls of the Asgardian people.

When Thor was resurrected in Oklahoma while wielding the All-Power, he set out to restore all his fellow Asgardians, whose souls had been trapped in mortal bodies. To do this, he used Mjolnir and the All-Power to restore the Asgardian souls from their human vessels, and was capable of doing this on a planetary scale, albeit at the cost of much of his energy.


Power Nullification


Thor has been able to drain other of their powers before, most prominently doing this to siphon others of their divinity and turn them into mortal beings. He can also cancel out all magic in an area for a limited time.

Time Stopping


Thor has stopped time in specific areas on a couple of occasions, and has even protected himself from time-stopping effects in-return. This ability hasn’t been used since his classic comics, at least without Thor having the All-Power, so it’s unclear if Mjolnir still has this power after it lost its time-travel ability or if the two abilities are related in some way.

Stasis


Similarly to the time stop, Mjolnir has a rarely used ability to place others in stasis for a time.



Mind Manipulation


Through either its ability to reflect light in such a manner as to induce trance or through its magic, Thor has used Mjolnir to alter the minds of others, usually doing so to wipe mortals of their memories regarding Asgardian events. Touching the hammer also once let Iron Man see a vision of Asgard and cause him to realise Thor was telling the truth about being a god.

Healing


Mjolnir can emit rays to speed up the healing of others. It once also acted as a kind of magical defibrillator, with Thor slaying Union Jack with a blast and then using his hammer to draw out the lightning-force he hit Jack with just enough to save his life as he was dying, the remaining power granting Jack electrical abilities.

Image Conjuring


Mjolnir is what facilitates Thor and Donald Blake’s ability to call upon Odin for advice. This can also be used to scry upon distant locations and contact other figures highly important to Thor, such as Hitler.

Sealing


Mjolnir has been used to seal Thor’s enemies, either creating and reforming seals on entities or dimensions, or doing whatever this weird thing with Hyperion is.


Anti-Matter


Mjolnir was once able to project what was described as anti-matter particles by rotating fast enough, with Thor spinning the hammer as a super-fan to blow the particles towards the “negative” people and reverse their atoms to turn them positive. These really didn’t actually behave anything like real anti-matter.


Illusion Breaking


Mjolnir seems to have some kind of ability to break conjured illusions with its power, having been used to do so on multiple occasions, though it’s never been clearly defined.

Reality Warping


Even more ill-defined are abilities which I don’t think can really be classified as anything other than general reality warping. Thor once threw his hammer to whirl around a massive pyramid, the vortex transporting the pyramid away and replacing it with the grove it emerged from. With the All-Power, he was able to tell his mind was being affected and that the fabric of the universe was being manipulated just below sight, exposing that layer of reality with his hammer’s twirl. You could say Mjolnir’s true power is plot convenience, but that joke is too obvious so you shouldn’t.

Astral Projection


A fairly well-defined but still pretty bullshit one-off ability, Mjolnir can be used to conjure the astral selves of Thor and those around him and go on essentially a vision quest. He did this with a tap, summoning his and Fusion’s astral selves out of their bodies and showing him a vision of multiple possible futures in 50 years.


Time Reversal


In Immortal Thor, All-Father Thor was able to channel the All-Power through Mjolnir’s latent power over time and space to reverse time and undo the damage done by Toranos over NYC. As Thor puts it, this is, in a poetic sense, the God of Storms having the ability to summon the calm that comes before it.

Resistances


As an object imbued with the power of both Odin and an elder god storm, Mjolnir is protected by its binding enchantment known as the Odin-spell, and has displayed various resistances to esoteric effects against itself.






Negative








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